Tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) span a continuous activation spectrum from anti-tumour antigen-presenting states to pro-tumour angiogenic and immunosuppressive states [Grieshaber-Bouyer et al., Nature Communications, 2021; Antuamwine et al.
Tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occupy a continuous activation spectrum — from anti-tumour antigen-presenting states to pro-tumour angiogenic and immunosuppressive states — rather than a binary N1/N2 classification [Grieshaber-Bouyer et al., Nature Communications, 2021; Antuamwine et al.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide [Sung et al., Global Cancer Statistics 2020, CA Cancer J Clin, 2021].
This paper is an updated version of the original submission with ID 2604.01553.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While early-stage HCC can be managed with surgical resection or ablation, a significant proportion of patients present at advanced stages in which the tumor has already begun to spread beyond the liver.
Tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not a monolithic population. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling across cancer types has resolved at least ten distinct neutrophil activation states, including angiogenic, antigen-presenting, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive subsets — with the angiogenic (VEGFA+SPP1+) subset linked to the worst patient outcomes and the antigen-presenting (HLA-DR+CD74+) subset associated with the most favourable survival signal.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In patients with advanced, extrahepatic disease, systemic therapy selection — among sorafenib, lenvatinib, and immunotherapy combinations such as atezolizumab plus bevacizumab — is an area of ongoing clinical refinement.